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Raspberry Pi GPIO Pins Explained Simply with Examples (Complete 2026 Guide)

by vhhwhre71 April 2, 2026

written by vhhwhre71

The Raspberry Pi is not just a tiny computer. Its ability to connect to the real world through GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins is one of its best features. You can use these pins to control hardware parts like LEDs, motors, and sensors, as well as read input from buttons and other devices.

At first, GPIO can be hard to understand for a lot of beginners. The rows of pins, the different ways of numbering them, and the electrical issues can all be too much to handle. But once you get the hang of the basics, GPIO is one of the most fun things about using a Raspberry Pi.

This guide makes it easy to understand GPIO pins and gives you clear, useful code examples so you can start working on real projects right away.

What Are GPIO Pins?

GPIO stands for General Purpose Input/Output. These are programmable pins that you can control with software.

Each GPIO pin can be set to one of two modes:

Input: Read signals from sensors or buttons
Output: Send signals to control devices like LEDs or buzzers

Unlike fixed-function pins, GPIO pins can be used for many different purposes depending on your code.

GPIO Pin Types

The Raspberry Pi 40-pin header includes several types of pins:

3.3V Power Pins – supply low voltage power
5V Power Pins – supply higher voltage power
Ground (GND) – completes the circuit
GPIO Pins – programmable pins for input/output
Special Pins – support I2C, SPI, UART communication

Understanding which pins are safe to use is essential before connecting any components.

GPIO Numbering Systems

There are two main numbering systems:

Physical (BOARD) – based on pin position
BCM (Broadcom) – based on internal chip numbering

Most modern projects use BCM numbering.

Example:

Physical pin 11 = GPIO17 (BCM)

You must stay consistent with the numbering system in your code.

Setting Up GPIO in Python

Python is the most popular language for GPIO programming.

First, install the GPIO library if needed:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-rpi.gpio

Then import it in your script:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

Set the numbering mode:

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

Example 1: Blinking an LED

This is the classic beginner project.

Wiring Concept

GPIO17 → Resistor → LED → Ground

Code Example

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

LED_PIN = 17

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(LED_PIN, GPIO.OUT)

try:
    while True:
        GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)
        time.sleep(1)
        GPIO.output(LED_PIN, GPIO.LOW)
        time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()

Explanation

The pin is set as output
HIGH turns the LED on
LOW turns it off
The loop repeats every second

Example 2: Reading a Button Press

This demonstrates input functionality.

Wiring Concept

Button between GPIO18 and Ground
Use internal pull-up resistor

Code Example

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

BUTTON_PIN = 18

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(BUTTON_PIN, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

try:
    while True:
        if GPIO.input(BUTTON_PIN) == GPIO.LOW:
            print("Button Pressed")
        time.sleep(0.2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()

Explanation

Pull-up resistor keeps pin HIGH by default
Pressing button connects to ground → LOW
Program detects the press

Example 3: Button Controlling an LED

Now combine input and output.

Code Example

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

LED = 17
BUTTON = 18

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(LED, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(BUTTON, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

try:
    while True:
        if GPIO.input(BUTTON) == GPIO.LOW:
            GPIO.output(LED, GPIO.HIGH)
        else:
            GPIO.output(LED, GPIO.LOW)
        time.sleep(0.1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()

Explanation

Press button → LED turns on
Release button → LED turns off

Example 4: Using PWM (Dimming an LED)

PWM allows gradual brightness control.

Code Example

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

LED = 17

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(LED, GPIO.OUT)

pwm = GPIO.PWM(LED, 1000)
pwm.start(0)

try:
    for duty in range(0, 101, 5):
        pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
        time.sleep(0.1)
    for duty in range(100, -1, -5):
        pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
        time.sleep(0.1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    pass

pwm.stop()
GPIO.cleanup()

Explanation

Duty cycle controls brightness
0 = off, 100 = full brightness

Example 5: Buzzer Alert System

Code Example

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

BUZZER = 23

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(BUZZER, GPIO.OUT)

try:
    while True:
        GPIO.output(BUZZER, GPIO.HIGH)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        GPIO.output(BUZZER, GPIO.LOW)
        time.sleep(0.5)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()

Example 6: Temperature Sensor (Basic Concept)

Using a digital sensor like DHT11.

Code Example

import Adafruit_DHT

sensor = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
pin = 4

humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensor, pin)

if humidity is not None and temperature is not None:
    print(f"Temp: {temperature}C  Humidity: {humidity}%")
else:
    print("Sensor failure")

Example 7: Motion Detection System

Code Example

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

PIR = 24

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(PIR, GPIO.IN)

try:
    while True:
        if GPIO.input(PIR):
            print("Motion Detected")
        time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()

Using Communication Protocols

I2C Example (Concept)

Enable I2C:

sudo raspi-config

Basic Python scan:

import smbus

bus = smbus.SMBus(1)
devices = bus.scan()
print(devices)

Safety Rules

Never exceed 3.3V on GPIO pins
Always use resistors with LEDs
Do not draw too much current
Double-check wiring before powering on

Common Mistakes

Mixing up BCM and BOARD numbering
Forgetting GPIO.cleanup()
Incorrect wiring
Missing resistors

Advanced Techniques

Interrupts (Event Detection)

def button_callback(channel):
    print("Button pressed!")

GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.add_event_detect(18, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_callback, bouncetime=300)

Multiple GPIO Control

pins = [17, 18, 27]

for pin in pins:
    GPIO.setup(pin, GPIO.OUT)

Real-World Applications

GPIO enables:

Home automation systems
Smart security devices
Robotics control
Environmental monitoring
Industrial automation

Conclusion

GPIO pins are what transform the Raspberry Pi from a simple computer into a powerful hardware interface. By understanding how to use input and output modes, wiring components safely, and writing simple Python scripts, you can build a wide range of projects.

Starting with simple examples like blinking an LED and progressing to sensors and automation systems allows you to gradually build confidence and skill.

Mastering GPIO is one of the most valuable steps in becoming proficient with the Raspberry Pi and opens the door to endless creative possibilities.

April 2, 2026 0 comments

Uncategorized

Raspberry Pi vs Arduino UNO Q: The Ultimate In-Depth Comparison (2026)

by vhhwhre71 April 2, 2026

written by vhhwhre71

Table of Contents

The growth of embedded systems and edge computing has changed a lot how developers, engineers, and hobbyists make computers and electronics. The Raspberry Pi and the Arduino UNO Q are two of the most important platforms in this revolution. Both are commonly used in prototyping, education, IoT, robotics, and automation, but they are very different ways to control hardware and computers.

The Raspberry Pi is a small, cheap single-board computer that can run full operating systems and do complicated calculations. The Arduino UNO Q, on the other hand, is a new type of hybrid board that combines the functions of a traditional microcontroller with those of a modern computer. It fills the gap between real-time control and general-purpose processing.

It’s not just about performance or price when you have to choose between these two platforms. It means knowing about the differences in architecture, processing power, software ecosystems, power use, and most importantly, the purpose of the application. This article goes into great detail about the differences between Raspberry Pi and Arduino UNO Q, looking at every important aspect to help you decide which platform is best for your needs.

Understanding the Core Difference: Microprocessor vs Hybrid Architecture

A basic difference in architecture is what the Raspberry Pi vs. Arduino UNO Q debate is really about. The Raspberry Pi has a microprocessor at its core, while the Arduino UNO Q has both a microprocessor and a microcontroller.

The Raspberry Pi functions as a complete computer. It has a CPU, RAM, storage support, and can run a full operating system like Linux. This makes it able to run multiple programs at once, run apps, and handle a lot of data quickly.

The Arduino UNO Q, on the other hand, has a hybrid design. It has a Qualcomm-based processor that runs Linux and a separate microcontroller that controls the hardware in real time. ([Robocraze][2]) This dual-system architecture lets it do both high-level computing tasks and precise timing operations at the same time.

This difference is very important. The Raspberry Pi is a great example of a microprocessor-based system because it can do maths, connect to the internet, and make software. A microcontroller-based system, on the other hand, makes sure that hardware components can be controlled in a predictable and real-time way. The Arduino UNO Q is the only board that can do both of these things at the same time.

Processing Power and Performance

The Raspberry Pi is clearly better when it comes to raw processing power. Modern Raspberry Pi models have ARM processors with more than one core that run at speeds of more than 1 GHz. This means they can handle heavy workloads like web servers, databases, multimedia processing, and even simple AI tasks.

Traditional Arduino boards, on the other hand, run at much lower clock speeds, usually around 16 MHz. The Arduino UNO Q, on the other hand, changes this story by adding a second processor that can run Linux, making it more like an SBC in terms of computing power.

Even with this improvement, the Raspberry Pi still works better overall for tasks that use a lot of CPU. It works better for tasks that need a lot of data processing, multitasking, or graphical output.

But speed isn’t the only thing that matters for performance. The Arduino UNO Q’s microcontroller makes sure that responses are always the same and happen in real time, without any delays. The Raspberry Pi can’t do this because of the extra work its operating system has to do.

Real-Time Processing and Deterministic Control

One of the most significant differences between these platforms lies in their ability to handle real-time operations. Real-time processing is essential in applications such as robotics, motor control, sensor monitoring, and industrial automation.

The Arduino UNO Q excels in this area because of its dedicated microcontroller. This component operates independently of the main processor, allowing it to execute tasks with precise timing and minimal latency. ([Robocraze][2])

The Raspberry Pi, on the other hand, runs a full operating system that manages multiple processes simultaneously. While this enables multitasking, it introduces unpredictability in timing. Tasks may be delayed due to background processes, making it unsuitable for applications that require precise control.

For example, controlling a robotic arm or reading sensor data at exact intervals is far more reliable on a microcontroller-based system. In such scenarios, the Arduino UNO Q provides a clear advantage.

Operating Systems and Software Ecosystem

The Raspberry Pi’s ability to run a full operating system is one of its greatest strengths. It supports Linux-based distributions, allowing developers to use a wide range of programming languages, tools, and frameworks. ([RS Components][3]) This makes it highly versatile for software development, web applications, and data processing.

The Arduino UNO Q also supports Linux on its main processor, while retaining compatibility with the Arduino IDE for microcontroller programming. This dual-environment approach enables developers to write high-level applications while simultaneously controlling hardware at a low level.

Arduino platforms traditionally rely on simple firmware rather than a full operating system. This simplicity makes them easy to learn and use, but limits their ability to handle complex software tasks.

The Raspberry Pi’s extensive software ecosystem, combined with its large community, provides a significant advantage in terms of available resources, tutorials, and third-party support.

Memory and Storage Capabilities

Memory is another area where the Raspberry Pi demonstrates clear superiority. It typically offers several gigabytes of RAM and supports external storage via microSD cards. This allows it to run full applications, databases, and even lightweight virtual environments.

The Arduino UNO Q includes built-in RAM and storage, but at a much lower capacity compared to the Raspberry Pi. While sufficient for embedded applications, it cannot match the memory capabilities required for more demanding computing tasks.

Traditional Arduino boards have extremely limited memory, often measured in kilobytes, which restricts their ability to handle complex programs.

As a result, projects involving large datasets, machine learning models, or multimedia processing are better suited to the Raspberry Pi.

Power Consumption and Efficiency

Power efficiency is a critical factor in many embedded applications, particularly those that rely on batteries or operate in remote environments.

Arduino-based systems are known for their low power consumption. They can run on minimal energy and are ideal for long-term deployments such as environmental monitoring or wearable devices.

The Arduino UNO Q maintains this advantage through its microcontroller, which can operate independently and consume very little power when the main processor is not needed.

The Raspberry Pi, due to its higher processing capabilities and operating system, requires significantly more power. It typically needs a stable power supply and is less suitable for battery-powered applications. ([Fictionlab][6])

This makes the Arduino UNO Q a better choice for energy-efficient systems and portable devices.

Connectivity and Expansion

Both platforms offer a wide range of connectivity options, but their approaches differ significantly.

The Raspberry Pi includes built-in features such as USB ports, HDMI output, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, making it highly versatile for networking and multimedia applications.

The Arduino UNO Q also supports modern connectivity options, including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, while maintaining compatibility with Arduino shields and sensors.

One key advantage of Arduino-based systems is their ease of interfacing with sensors and actuators. They are designed specifically for hardware interaction, making them ideal for electronics projects.

The Raspberry Pi can also interface with hardware, but often requires additional components such as analog-to-digital converters or external microcontrollers.

AI and Machine Learning Capabilities

Artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly important in embedded systems, and both platforms offer capabilities in this area, albeit in different ways.

The Arduino UNO Q includes a dedicated AI accelerator, enabling it to run machine learning models efficiently without requiring additional hardware. This makes it particularly suitable for edge AI applications such as smart cameras and predictive systems.

The Raspberry Pi, while capable of running AI frameworks, typically requires external accelerators for optimal performance. Without these, it may struggle with complex models and real-time inference.

However, the Raspberry Pi’s superior processing power and memory make it more flexible for experimentation and development in AI.

Ease of Use and Learning Curve

For beginners, ease of use is an important consideration.

Arduino platforms are widely regarded as beginner-friendly due to their simplicity and straightforward programming model. The Arduino UNO Q builds on this foundation while introducing more advanced capabilities.

The Raspberry Pi, while still accessible, has a steeper learning curve due to its operating system and broader functionality. However, its extensive documentation and community support help mitigate this challenge.

Ultimately, the choice depends on the user’s background. Those interested in electronics and hardware control may find Arduino more intuitive, while those with a software background may prefer the Raspberry Pi.

Cost and Value

Cost is another important factor when choosing between these platforms.

Arduino boards are generally more affordable, with lower initial costs and fewer additional requirements. The Arduino UNO Q, while more advanced, still offers a cost-effective solution by integrating multiple functionalities into a single board.

The Raspberry Pi, although relatively inexpensive, often requires additional components such as storage, power supplies, and accessories, which can increase the total cost. The latest cost increases may also need factored in

When evaluating value, it is important to consider not just the price of the board, but the overall system requirements.

Use Case Comparison

The Raspberry Pi and Arduino UNO Q excel in different types of applications.

The Raspberry Pi is ideal for:

Web servers and cloud-connected applications
Multimedia systems and media centers
AI and data processing tasks
Software development and prototyping

The Arduino UNO Q is better suited for:

Robotics and motor control
Real-time sensor monitoring
IoT devices requiring low power
Embedded systems with precise timing

In some cases, the best solution is to use both platforms together. For example, an Arduino can handle real-time sensor data, while a Raspberry Pi processes and visualizes the data.

Limitations of Each Platform

Despite their strengths, both platforms have limitations.

The Raspberry Pi lacks true real-time processing capabilities and consumes more power. It also requires proper shutdown procedures to avoid data corruption.

The Arduino UNO Q, while versatile, cannot match the Raspberry Pi in terms of raw computing power and memory capacity. It is also a newer platform, meaning its ecosystem is still developing.

Understanding these limitations is essential for selecting the right tool for your project.

Future of SBC and Hybrid Boards

The introduction of hybrid boards like the Arduino UNO Q represents a significant shift in embedded computing. By combining microcontrollers and microprocessors, these platforms offer the best of both worlds.

As technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see more integration of AI capabilities, improved energy efficiency, and enhanced connectivity. These advancements will further blur the line between traditional SBCs and microcontroller platforms.

The future of embedded systems lies in flexibility, and platforms that can adapt to a wide range of applications will dominate the market.

Conclusion

The comparison between Raspberry Pi and Arduino UNO Q highlights the fundamental differences between general-purpose computing and real-time embedded control.

The Raspberry Pi stands out as a powerful, versatile platform capable of handling complex applications, making it ideal for software-driven projects and advanced computing tasks.

The Arduino UNO Q, on the other hand, offers a unique hybrid approach, combining the precision of a microcontroller with the capabilities of a single-board computer. This makes it an excellent choice for projects that require both real-time control and moderate computing power.

Ultimately, the best choice depends on your specific requirements. If your project demands high processing power and flexibility, the Raspberry Pi is the better option. If you need precise hardware control with efficient power usage, the Arduino UNO Q is the superior choice.

For many advanced applications, combining both platforms can provide the most effective solution.

April 2, 2026 0 comments

“Best Of” Lists

Best SBC for AI Projects (2026 Guide)

by vhhwhre71 April 2, 2026

written by vhhwhre71

Table of Contents

Artificial intelligence is changing quickly, which is pushing computing closer to the edge. This makes single-board computers (SBCs) a better choice for running AI workloads locally. SBCs used to only work with simple embedded systems and hobbyist projects. Now they can do computer vision, speech recognition, robotics, and even lightweight large language model inference. The question is no longer whether SBCs can run AI, but rather which SBC is best suited for specific AI workloads.

It is not as easy as just picking the most powerful board to choose the best SBC for AI projects. It needs a lot of thought about a number of important things, such as how well it works with computers, how well it speeds up AI, how much memory bandwidth it has, how energy-efficient it is, how many software options it has, and how long it will be supported. Some SBCs are designed to be used for general computing, while others are made specifically for machine learning and edge inference. To choose the right hardware, you need to know the differences between these things.

This article looks at the best SBCs for AI projects in 2026, going over their pros and cons and the best ways to use them. This guide will help you make an informed choice, whether you are making a smart camera, a robotics platform, or trying out local AI models.

What Makes an SBC Suitable for AI?

It’s important to know the difference between a regular SBC and one that is good at AI workloads before you start looking at specific boards. Most of the time, traditional SBCs use CPUs, which aren’t very good at doing multiple tasks at once, which is common in machine learning. GPUs, NPUs (Neural Processing Units), and TPUs (Tensor Processing Units) are examples of specialised hardware that AI workloads need.

TOPS (trillions of operations per second) is one of the most important metrics because it shows how well AI can make inferences. Higher TOPS values mean that neural network processing is working better. For instance, high-end AI boards can reach hundreds of TOPS, which lets them detect objects in real time and make inferences from multiple models.

Memory is also very important. AI models, especially deep learning models, need a lot of RAM and quick access to memory. SBCs with LPDDR5 memory and larger capacities are better at handling complicated workloads.

Software support is just as important. Without optimised frameworks and libraries, a powerful board is useless. Development is much easier on platforms that support TensorFlow, PyTorch, CUDA, or SDKs made by specific vendors.

Finally, power efficiency is very important, especially for edge AI apps. Many projects need to be deployed in places that are far away or run on batteries, so they need to use as little power as possible.

NVIDIA Jetson Series: The Gold Standard for AI SBCs

The NVIDIA Jetson family has established itself as the benchmark for AI-focused SBCs. Unlike general-purpose boards, Jetson devices are specifically designed for machine learning and computer vision tasks, integrating powerful GPUs and AI accelerators.

Entry-level options such as the Jetson Nano provide accessible AI performance, while more advanced boards like the Jetson Orin series deliver significantly higher computational power. The Jetson Orin platform, for example, can reach up to 275 TOPS, enabling complex AI workloads such as autonomous navigation and multi-stream video analytics ([Jaycon][1]).

One of the key advantages of the Jetson ecosystem is its software stack. NVIDIA’s CUDA platform, combined with TensorRT and deep learning libraries, allows developers to optimize models for maximum performance. This makes Jetson boards particularly well-suited for applications requiring real-time inference.

Compared to CPU-based SBCs, Jetson devices offer a substantial performance advantage. In tasks such as object detection and image recognition, GPU acceleration can deliver several times the throughput of CPU-only systems ([Zbotic][2]).

However, this performance comes at a cost. Jetson boards are more expensive than most alternatives and typically consume more power. They also have a steeper learning curve, especially for beginners unfamiliar with GPU programming.

Despite these drawbacks, Jetson remains the best choice for serious AI development, particularly in robotics, autonomous systems, and edge AI deployment.

Raspberry Pi 5: The Best Entry Point for AI Beginners

The Raspberry Pi 5 continues to dominate the SBC market due to its affordability, accessibility, and massive community support. While it is not designed specifically for AI, it can still handle lightweight machine learning tasks effectively.

The Pi 5 excels in ease of use, making it an ideal starting point for beginners. Its extensive ecosystem of tutorials, libraries, and accessories simplifies the development process. For AI experimentation, developers can use frameworks such as TensorFlow Lite and OpenCV.

Recent advancements have expanded the Pi’s AI capabilities through add-ons like AI accelerators. These modules can significantly improve inference performance, allowing the Pi to run vision-based models and basic language models locally. However, even with these enhancements, it cannot match the raw performance of dedicated AI hardware.

The main limitation of the Raspberry Pi is its reliance on CPU-based processing. Without a built-in GPU or NPU optimized for AI, it struggles with computationally intensive tasks. As a result, it is best suited for smaller models and prototyping rather than production-level AI systems.

Nevertheless, the Raspberry Pi remains an excellent choice for educational projects, IoT integrations, and entry-level AI experimentation.

Orange Pi 5 Pro: High Performance at a Lower Cost

The Orange Pi 5 Pro represents a compelling alternative to the Raspberry Pi, offering significantly higher performance at a competitive price. Powered by the Rockchip RK3588S processor, it features multiple CPU cores, a capable GPU, and a dedicated NPU for AI tasks.

One of the standout features of this board is its AI acceleration capability. With an NPU capable of delivering several TOPS of performance, it can handle tasks such as image classification and object detection more efficiently than CPU-only systems. Additionally, support for up to 16GB of LPDDR5 memory provides a major advantage in handling larger models ([XDA Developers][3]).

The Orange Pi 5 Pro is particularly attractive for developers who need more power than a Raspberry Pi but cannot justify the cost of a Jetson board. It strikes a balance between performance and affordability, making it suitable for mid-range AI applications.

However, the board’s biggest weakness is its software ecosystem. Compared to Raspberry Pi and NVIDIA platforms, community support and documentation are less mature. This can create challenges for developers, especially those new to SBC development.

Despite these limitations, the Orange Pi 5 Pro is an excellent choice for performance-oriented projects that require more computational power without a significant increase in cost.

LattePanda 3 Delta: x86 Power for AI Flexibility

Unlike ARM-based SBCs, the LattePanda 3 Delta uses an x86 architecture, making it more similar to a traditional desktop computer. This provides a unique advantage: compatibility with a wide range of software and operating systems, including full Windows environments.

For AI development, this flexibility is invaluable. Developers can run standard machine learning frameworks without needing to adapt them for ARM architecture. This makes the LattePanda particularly useful for prototyping and development workflows that require desktop-class tools.

The board offers significantly higher CPU performance compared to typical SBCs, enabling it to handle more demanding workloads. However, it lacks dedicated AI acceleration hardware, which limits its efficiency in deep learning tasks.

As a result, the LattePanda is best suited for applications where compatibility and flexibility are more important than raw AI performance. It is an excellent choice for developers transitioning from desktop environments to embedded systems.

Qualcomm and Emerging AI SBCs

The SBC landscape is evolving rapidly, with new entrants pushing the boundaries of edge AI performance. Qualcomm, for example, has introduced powerful AI-focused boards capable of delivering tens of TOPS while maintaining low power consumption.

These next-generation platforms are designed to bridge the gap between mobile processors and traditional SBCs, offering advanced AI capabilities such as real-time object recognition, voice interaction, and autonomous decision-making.

Emerging boards often integrate multiple processing units, combining CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs into a single system. This heterogeneous architecture allows for efficient workload distribution, improving overall performance and energy efficiency.

As these platforms mature, they are expected to challenge established players like NVIDIA and Raspberry Pi, offering new options for developers seeking high-performance AI at the edge.

Key Use Cases and Recommended SBC

Different AI applications need different hardware capabilities, so choosing the right SBC depends a lot on how you plan to use it.

GPU or NPU acceleration is needed for computer vision projects like recognising faces and finding objects. Jetson boards are the clear best in this group because they offer real-time performance and strong software support.

The Raspberry Pi is often enough for IoT and smart home applications where AI tasks are not too heavy. It’s perfect for these situations because it’s cheap and easy to use.

The Orange Pi 5 Pro is a good choice for mid-range AI workloads like robotics and industrial automation because it has a good balance of performance and cost. The built-in NPU gives it a big edge over systems that only have a CPU.

The LattePanda is a flexible environment that works with a lot of different tools and frameworks, making it great for development and prototyping, especially when compatibility is important.

Limitations of SBCs for AI

SBCs have come a long way, but they still have a lot of problems compared to regular computers. Memory limitations are one of the biggest problems. Most SBCs don’t have a lot of RAM, which limits the size of models that can be run on them.

Studies indicate that SBCs can consistently manage smaller models, generally up to approximately 1.5 billion parameters, but encounter difficulties with larger models owing to hardware constraints ([arXiv][4]).

Another thing to think about is thermal management. High-performance AI workloads make a lot of heat, but many SBCs don’t have good ways to cool them down. This can cause thermal throttling, which makes performance worse over time.

The amount of power that each board uses is also very different. High-performance AI SBCs may need a lot more power, which makes them less useful for applications that run on batteries.

Lastly, software fragmentation is still a problem. It’s hard to make AI apps that work on all boards because they use different toolchains and libraries.

Future Trends in AI SBCs

There are a lot of trends that will shape the next generation of SBCs for AI, and the future looks bright. One of the most important changes is that dedicated AI accelerators are now built right into SBC architectures.

Edge AI is another trend. This is when data processing happens on the device itself instead of in the cloud. This method cuts down on latency, protects privacy, and lets you make decisions in real time.

Improvements in memory technology and energy efficiency are also likely to be very important. As SBCs get more powerful and efficient, they will be able to handle AI workloads that are more and more complicated.

Also, as more people use open-source AI frameworks, software support will probably get better, which will make it easier for developers to make and use AI apps on SBCs.

Conclusion

Choosing the best SBC for AI projects requires carefully balancing performance, cost, and the needs of the application. There is no one-size-fits-all answer because different boards are better at different things.

The NVIDIA Jetson series is still the best choice for AI applications that need a lot of power because it has the best GPU acceleration and software support. The Raspberry Pi 5 is still the best choice for beginners because it is easy to use and accessible. The Orange Pi 5 Pro is a good deal because it works well and costs a lot. The LattePanda is more flexible because it has an x86 architecture.

As AI gets better, SBCs will become more and more important for bringing intelligence to the edge. Developers can pick the best hardware for their next AI project by knowing what each platform is good at and what it can’t do.

April 2, 2026 0 comments

Comparisons

Raspberry Pi 5 vs Raspberry Pi 4: Full Comparison

by vhhwhre71 April 2, 2026

written by vhhwhre71

Table of Contents

The Raspberry Pi 5 is a big step up from the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. It has better performance, connectivity, and overall usability. The Raspberry Pi 4 is one of the most popular single-board computers ever made, but the Pi 5 brings the platform closer to a real desktop-class experience.

It’s important to know the differences between these two boards if you’re thinking about upgrading, picking out hardware for a new project, or building a system that needs to be fast, power-efficient, or compatible.

Architecture and Performance

The biggest difference between the two boards is how powerful they are. The Raspberry Pi 5 has a newer ARM Cortex-A76-based processor that works much better than the Cortex-A72 processor in the Raspberry Pi 4.

This means that when you run desktop environments or server applications, your computer will boot up faster, multitask more smoothly, and respond more quickly. The Pi 5 is much faster at tasks like compiling code, running multiple services, or handling web apps.

The Raspberry Pi 4 can still handle a lot of tasks well, but it starts to show its limits when it is pushed to do more difficult things. It still works great for light tasks like simple servers or basic projects, but for anything that needs a lot of power, the Pi 5 is a clear upgrade.

Memory and System Responsiveness

Both boards have different RAM options, but the Raspberry Pi 5’s better processor and memory handling make it respond much faster. The system runs multiple processes more smoothly and opens applications more quickly.

When running heavier desktop environments or multiple services at the same time, the Pi 4 can feel limited, especially when it has less RAM. The Pi 5, on the other hand, runs more smoothly even when it’s busy, making it better for desktop use.

Connectivity and Expansion

Connectivity is another area where the Raspberry Pi 5 introduces meaningful changes. One of the most important additions is support for PCIe, which allows high-speed expansion such as NVMe storage. This significantly improves storage performance compared to the microSD-based systems commonly used with the Pi 4.

The Raspberry Pi 4 offers USB-based storage options, which can still be fast, but they do not match the performance potential of direct PCIe-connected devices. For projects involving databases, media servers, or large file operations, this difference is substantial.

Both boards include USB ports, Ethernet, and wireless connectivity, but the Pi 5 refines and improves the overall data throughput and responsiveness of these interfaces.

Graphics and Display

The Raspberry Pi 5 provides improved graphics performance and better support for modern display configurations. It can handle higher resolutions and offers smoother video playback and graphical interfaces.

While the Raspberry Pi 4 introduced dual display support and was capable of basic desktop use, the experience could feel limited in more demanding graphical environments. The Pi 5 enhances this significantly, making it more practical as a lightweight desktop replacement.

Power and Thermal Considerations

With increased performance comes increased power consumption and heat generation. The Raspberry Pi 5 typically requires better cooling, often including active cooling solutions such as fans, especially under sustained workloads.

The Raspberry Pi 4, while not entirely cool-running, is generally easier to manage with passive cooling in many scenarios. This makes it slightly more convenient for low-power or compact setups.

Power supply requirements are also more demanding on the Pi 5, which needs a higher-quality power source to operate reliably under load.

Software and Compatibility

Both boards support similar operating systems, including Raspberry Pi OS and other Linux distributions. However, software optimized for the newer hardware can take advantage of the improved capabilities of the Pi 5.

Most existing projects and applications designed for the Raspberry Pi 4 will run on the Pi 5, but the reverse is not always true when newer features such as PCIe or enhanced performance are required.

Real-World Use Cases

The Raspberry Pi 4 remains a strong choice for simpler applications such as lightweight servers, basic IoT gateways, and educational projects. It is cost-effective and widely supported, making it a reliable option for many scenarios.

The Raspberry Pi 5 is better suited for more demanding use cases. It excels in desktop computing, development environments, media processing, and high-performance server applications. It also opens up new possibilities with faster storage and improved overall responsiveness.

Which One Should You Choose

Choosing between the two depends on your needs. If your projects are simple, cost-sensitive, or already built around the Raspberry Pi 4, there may be no immediate need to upgrade. The Pi 4 continues to perform well in many common applications.

If you are starting a new project or require higher performance, faster storage, or a more responsive system, the Raspberry Pi 5 is the better choice. It provides a more modern computing experience and greater flexibility for future expansion.

In Conclusion

The Raspberry Pi 5 is a big step up from the Raspberry Pi 4. It has a lot more processing power, better connectivity, and is easier to use overall. The Pi 4 is still useful for a lot of things, but the Pi 5 sets a new standard for what a single-board computer can do in terms of speed and power.

The Raspberry Pi 5 is the best choice for most new builds and projects that are looking ahead. The Raspberry Pi 4 is still a good platform that doesn’t cost much, but there is a clear difference between the two, especially in terms of performance and the ability to add more features.

April 2, 2026 0 comments

“Best Of” Lists

Best Single Board Computers in 2026

by vhhwhre71 April 2, 2026

written by vhhwhre71

Table of Contents

Single-board computers have become one of the most important platforms in modern computing. What started as educational tools has evolved into a diverse ecosystem of compact systems capable of running full operating systems, hosting servers, performing artificial intelligence tasks, and powering real-world products. A single-board computer integrates processor, memory, storage interfaces, and connectivity into a compact form factor, making it ideal for both experimentation and deployment.

In 2026, the SBC market is more competitive than ever. There is no single “best” board for every use case. Instead, the landscape is shaped by specialization. Some boards prioritize ease of use and ecosystem support, others focus on raw performance, while newer platforms push into artificial intelligence and hybrid computing. Choosing the right SBC depends on understanding these categories and how they align with your project goals.

This guide provides an in-depth look at the best single-board computers available in 2026, explaining not only what they are but why they matter and where each one fits.

The Evolution of SBCs

Modern SBCs are no longer limited to simple embedded tasks. Many now run full Linux distributions, support high-speed storage such as NVMe, and include GPU or AI acceleration. This shift has expanded their role from educational tools to serious computing platforms.

Three trends define the current generation. First, performance has increased significantly, with many boards now capable of desktop-like workloads. Second, connectivity and expansion options have improved, allowing SBCs to function as servers or network nodes. Third, specialized hardware such as neural processing units has enabled edge AI applications directly on the device.

These changes mean that SBCs are no longer just alternatives to traditional computers. In many cases, they are the preferred solution due to their efficiency, cost, and flexibility.

Best Overall SBC

The Raspberry Pi 5 remains the most well-rounded single-board computer in 2026. It offers a balance of performance, accessibility, and ecosystem support that no other board currently matches.

The processor provides enough power for general computing tasks, including web browsing, development, and light server workloads. More importantly, the software ecosystem surrounding the Raspberry Pi is unmatched. There are extensive tutorials, operating system options, and community-driven projects available, which significantly lowers the barrier to entry.

For beginners, this board is the easiest way to get started with SBCs. For experienced users, it remains a reliable platform for prototyping and deployment. Its strength lies not just in hardware, but in the maturity of its ecosystem.

Best High-Performance SBC

The Orange Pi 5 represents the high-performance category of SBCs. Built around more powerful ARM processors, it delivers significantly higher computational capability than traditional Raspberry Pi boards.

This type of board is designed for users who need more than basic functionality. It handles multitasking more effectively, supports faster storage, and is better suited for demanding workloads such as media processing, virtualization experiments, or development environments.

The trade-off is that the ecosystem is less mature. Documentation, software support, and community resources are improving but still require a more technical approach. For users willing to invest the time, the performance gains are substantial.

Best SBC for AI and Edge Computing

The NVIDIA Jetson Nano and similar boards are designed specifically for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. These systems include GPU acceleration and support for AI frameworks, enabling real-time inference directly on the device.

Unlike general-purpose SBCs, these boards are optimized for workloads such as computer vision, object detection, and robotics. They allow developers to process data locally rather than relying on cloud services, which reduces latency and improves privacy.

This category is ideal for projects that require intelligent decision-making at the edge. While they can function as general-purpose systems, their real strength lies in AI-focused applications.

Best for Embedded and Industrial Applications

The BeagleBone Black continues to be a strong choice for embedded and industrial applications. It is designed with a focus on deterministic input and output, making it suitable for systems that require precise timing and control.

Unlike general-purpose SBCs, this type of board prioritizes hardware interaction. It is commonly used in automation, robotics control, and industrial environments where reliability and predictability are critical.

Although it may not offer the same level of performance or ease of use as consumer-oriented boards, it excels in scenarios where direct hardware control is essential.

Emerging Hybrid SBC Platforms

A newer category of SBC is represented by hybrid platforms such as the Arduino UNO Q. These boards combine a Linux-capable processor with a microcontroller on the same device, creating a dual-system architecture.

This approach allows high-level processing and real-time control to coexist. For example, machine learning models can run on the Linux side, while time-critical hardware control is handled by the microcontroller. This combination enables more complex and responsive systems.

Hybrid SBCs are particularly well suited for robotics, smart devices, and edge AI applications where both flexibility and precision are required.

Choosing the Right SBC

Selecting the right single-board computer depends on the intended use case. For general learning and development, a well-supported platform with a large ecosystem is the best choice. For performance-heavy workloads, a more powerful board with advanced processing capabilities is necessary. For AI applications, specialized hardware with GPU or NPU acceleration provides the best results. For embedded control, boards designed for real-time interaction are more appropriate.

There is no universal solution. The key is to match the board’s strengths to the requirements of the project.

Future Trends

The SBC market is continuing to evolve in several directions. Performance improvements are bringing these devices closer to traditional desktop systems. AI acceleration is becoming more common, enabling intelligent applications at the edge. Hybrid architectures are blurring the line between microcontrollers and full computers.

At the same time, software ecosystems are becoming increasingly important. Boards with strong community support and reliable documentation will continue to dominate, even as new hardware enters the market.

Conclusion

The best single-board computers in 2026 reflect a shift from general-purpose devices to specialized platforms. The Raspberry Pi 5 remains the most accessible and versatile option, while boards like the Orange Pi 5 push performance boundaries. AI-focused systems such as the Jetson Nano enable intelligent applications, and platforms like the BeagleBone Black continue to serve industrial needs. Emerging hybrid boards introduce new possibilities by combining computing and real-time control.

Understanding these categories allows you to choose the right tool for your project. Whether you are building a home server, developing AI applications, or designing embedded systems, there is an SBC tailored to your needs.

April 2, 2026 0 comments